☆TPA thermal plasma analyzer
Thermal Plasma Analyzer (TPA) measures the charastristics of thermal ions in the upper atmospher
e of Mars ,such as velosity ,temperature and their components. The thermal or lowest energy componen
ts of Martian plasma play important roles in the interactions between the neutral atmosphere, ionosp
here, magnetosphere, and the solar wind. This TPA measurements will contribute to the understanding
these mechanisms.